In 1971 Robert Smithson was invited to create an earthwork in the Netherlands for the recurring outdoor exhibition Sonsbeek by the curator Wim Beeren. Beside a working sand quarry in the province of Drenthe and cut into the side of a terminal moraine, Smithson created Broken Circle/Spiral Hill—his only extant earthwork outside of the United States. Broken Circle/Spiral Hill is an artwork of two parts. Broken Circle is a semi-circular jetty built into the quarry lake; at the center is a huge immovable boulder deposited by ancient glacial movements. Cone-shaped Spiral Hill can be climbed via spiraling path and at the top the quarry and Broken Circle can be seen from above.
 
The geological and industrial history of the Drenthe region drew Smithson to the site, and he was fascinated by the constructed landscape of The Netherlands. Smithson described in an interview how he was interested in “landscapes that suggest prehistory. As an artist it is sort of interesting to take on the persona of a geological agent where man actually becomes part of that process rather than overcoming it.” Smithson was committed to working with landscapes scarred by industry, thinking through future uses for exhausted landscapes. He described Broken Circle/Spiral Hill as a “major piece” and it sparked his interest in working with industry and post-industrial landscape to make art “a necessary part of their reclamation projects.”
 
Working with Nancy Holt, the intention was to create a film as an integral part of Broken Circle/Spiral Hill. Holt made several moving image works that feature earthworks by Smithson. In 1971 Smithson created a series of storyboards and Holt filmed Broken Circle/Spiral Hill on 16mm stock. The intention was to interweave material documenting the North Sea flood of 1953 that overwhelmed the sea defenses of The Netherlands and Belgium. Smithson died before the film was completed and in 2011, on the fortieth anniversary of Broken Circle/Spiral Hill, Theo Tegelaers of SKOR | Foundation for Art and Public Domain invited Holt to the complete the film. The resultant Breaking Ground: Broken Circle/Spiral Hill (1971/2011) combines her original 1971 footage with 2011 material and archival documentation of the flood to create a portrait of Broken Circle/Spiral Hill and its unique surroundings.